L’empreinte en orthopédie Dento-faciale

Abstract

Résumé: L'orthodontie fait face depuis plusieurs années à une réelle révolution numérique qui intéresse toutes les phases dès l'élaboration du diagnostic jusqu'à la planification du plan de traitement et la création de différents appareils. c'est afin d'accélérer le progrès de celle-ci et d'optimiser les résultats.Les empreintes optiques font également partie intégrante de la pratique dentaire moderne pour le flux de travail numérique complet. Elle apporte du confort à la pratique quotidienne.Actuellement, il existe deux types des empreintes numériques disponibles pour les dentistes :premierements les scanners extra-oraux, également appelés "scanners à plâtre", necessite l'utilisation soit des scanners mécaniques avec une sonde tactile, soit des scanners optiques (Laser ou LED).Deuxiemement les scanners intra-oraux, qui utilisent un appareil pratique qui capture les images sous forme de photographies numériques. Gardant en considérations que ses caméras intra-orales ont deux concepts de scannérisation qui consiste soit à prendre des images capture par capture où à capturer une scène complète.Toutes les empreintes digitales, quelle que soit la technique, sont exécutées en 3 scans : un scan mandibulaire, un scan maxillaire et le dernier scan est occlusal.Les empreintes optiques apportent du confort à la pratique quotidienne pour les deux patients et praticien, permettant d’améliorer l'efficacité du diagnostic et la rapidité du traitement orthodontique.l'empreinte dentaire est une partie inévitable de la pratique orthodontique. Et malgré les avantages connus, des modèles digitaux, les modèles en plâtre trouvent encore une place importante au sein du cabinet d'orthodontie considérant comme un gold standard.Abstract: Whether it is for elaborating a diagnosis, planning a treatment or creating different appliances like braces and clear aligners, a dental impression is an inevitable part of the orthodontic practice.In the conventional technique, the orthodontist takes the impression with a tray filled with a soft putty-like material called alginate. They place the tray in the patient’s mouth, press it into the gums and teeth, hold it in place until the material cures, and with dental plaster, after removing the impression, they fill it to fabricate a dental cast model.This procedure being rather tiring and time-consuming, in addition to the invasion of the field by digital computer science. Many practitioners adopted the new digital impression. There are two types of digital impressions currently available for dentists to use:First, the extra-oral scanners, also called "cast scanners", use either mechanical scanners with a touch-probe or optical scanners (laser or LED).Second, the intra-oral scanners. It uses a handy device that captures either images as digital photographs -providing dentists and dental laboratories with a series of pictures- Or images as digital video. The 3D model -the practitioner obtains- starts as a cloud of digital dots connected to create a wire frame. This wire frame is a collection of multiple triangles creating our 3D rendering of the teeth and the oral cavity’s geometry. Once the basic wire frame is done, the programs make it solid and uniform, and most color it to make our eyes understand what we are seeing.The file generated at the end is in an STL or PLY computer file format, compatible with all 3D reading software, and easily shared between dental Professionnels and laboratories.Also compatible with DICOM CBCT file format, which opens a new horizon of aligning and supper-posing cone-beam radio examinations with intra-oral digital impressions, giving us a global look at both oral and facial detailed anatomy.The digital model, similar to its physical parallel, once has been captured, is easily manipulated. The dentist could calculate all linear and angular measurements, including but not limited to: tooth size, arch length, irregularity index, arch width and crowding. Moreover, they could create a Set-Up, position brackets or fixed orthodontic braces and even design Clear Aligners.For the complete digital workflow, digital impression systems are also an integral part of modern dental practice. This system allows printing an actual physical model from its digital replica using a 3D printer.Now, digital impressions result in a more time-efficient, comfortable technique than conventional impressions, involving the patients in their treatment by showing them their teeth on a screen and manipulating things in front of them, which fascinates and intrigues them. Despite limitations, the conventional impression technique is still considered the gold standard in dentistry.