CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS : EPIDEMIOLOGIE ET METHODES DE DIAGNOSTIC

Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterium that causes a sexually transmitted infection (STI),it is very common in the world, known as "chlamydia" is a bacterium with obligatory intracellular development strictly human. Chlamydia trachomatis infection often causes a few symptoms but it can lead to major complications, including infertility and ectopic pregnancies. If the chlamydia infection is not treated, the complication will progress too: low urogenital infections (cervicitis, urethritis) and high genital infections (salpingitis, epididymitis). Extragenital manifestations a The diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection can be direct with different methods like the cell culture that remains the reference,also the direct detection tests with a very low sensitivity,and the NAAT that are distinguished from the other methods with its high sensitivity and specificity. Serology is also documented as an indirect method with the characterization of the different classes of IgG: IgG, IgM, IgA, but its interpretation remains delicate and remains of interest in the evaluation of the spread of the disease. Over the past two decades, the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has evolved significantly around the world with a more or less stable incidence. Chlamydia infections occur primarily in women between the ages of 15 and 30. The treatment of Chlamydia infection relies on antibiotics with good cellular penetration, mainly Azithromycin and Doxycycline. Surgery may be necessary especially in cases of tubal infertility.