Abstract:
Water pollution is a serious environmental problem affecting millions of people, and the
demand for frequent water quality monitoring is increasing. The need for analytical platforms
that combine high sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy with low cost, portability, and userfriendliness
remains a challenge. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are
recognized as a powerful analytical platform capable of meeting these requirements. This
study reports the development of a low-cost, colorimetric microfluidic paper-based analytical
device (μPAD), printed with wax, to detect important water quality parameters such as pH,
nitrite, ammonium, and phosphate across a wide range of water samples. Microfluidic
innovation was utilized to facilitate the examination of analytes using colorimetric techniques
on a practical detection device. This allows the mixing of small volumes of analytes with
chemical reagents to form a colored product in the presence of the target analyte. The
potential of these devices for practical applications is also thoroughly examined, including
their ability to determine concentrations specified in water quality guidelines or recommended
maximum concentrations for various waters, as well as their suitability for field applications.
Additionally, this research integrates a market analysis and an economic study aimed at
evaluating the feasibility of creating a startup company specialized in the custom design and
production of these devices.
