L’étude phytochimique et biologique des extraits de Lysimachia monelli et des huiles essentielles de Genista microcephala

Abstract

Medicinal plants remain a reliable source of active principles renowned for their therapeutic properties. In this context, our study focuses on the phytochemical and biological analysis of two Algerian species: Lysimachia monelli and Genista microcephala. The quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids in Lysimachia monelli extracts was performed using colorimetric methods. This analysis revealed significant contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in butanolic and ethyl acetate extracts, respectively. We also evaluated the antioxidant activity of organic extracts of L. monelli using four different methods: DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Phenanthroline. These tests showed promising results compared to standard antioxidants. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil and extracts was evaluated against four pathogenic bacteria. The results revealed a modest effectiveness against the studied bacterial strains. The antifungal activity was tested on a fungal strain: Fusarium oxysporum using the solid medium diffusion method, showing remarkable inhibition zones. Additionally, the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS, identifying 77.32% monoterpenes, 0.89% sesquiterpenes, 3.59% alkanes, and 12.59% other compounds. This oil is predominantly composed of limonene (57.24%), pulegone (12.05%), β-pinene (4.2%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (3.11%). Therefore, these plants could be further explored for therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications due to their antioxidant and antifungal properties.