Développement d'un bioréacteur a membrane pour le traitement des eaux usées

Abstract

This work focuses on the development, implementation, and evaluation of a locally designed triphasic membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The system successively integrates three biological compartments—anoxic, anaerobic, and aerobic—coupled with a locally manufactured immersed ceramic membrane. The experiment was conducted using pre-treated wastewater from the Aïn M'lila wastewater treatment plant. The system's performance was evaluated through physico-chemical analyses (COD, BOD₅, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, TSS, VSS) and microbiological analyses (Gram staining, enumeration). Results obtained over a 15-day period showed removal rates exceeding 90% for most parameters, with a complete absence of suspended particles in the aerobic compartment played a key role in nitrification and the final degradation of organic matter, while the anoxic and anaerobic zones respectively allowed for denitrification and phosphorus release/assimilation. The ceramic membrane ensured efficient and stable biomass separation. The performance achieved demonstrates that the developed MBR constitutes a compact, high-performing, and sustainable technological solution, adapted to water reuse standards. Furthermore, this system paves the way for the local manufacturing of bioreactors inspired by European models (Sigmadaf, Pure Aqua…), thus offering a viable economic and environmental alternative for wastewater treatment in a local context.